Regression is the statistical process, that is trying to estimate the relationship between two variables (the predictor and the feature). It is the simplest form of machine learning model.

Usually the form of the dependence (the function shape) is assumed and only a few parameters need to be fit. ($alpha$ and $beta$ for a line)

The most known regression analysis is Linear Regression. If you have multidimensional data, you could consider Ridge Regression.